• Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA)

Negative pressure with a tiny needle is used to aspirate testis fluid and tissue.

• Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA)

A gentle needle suction is used in the tissue to aspirate from the epididymis (a sperm storage tube)

• Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA)

Using a tiny cannula, a surgeon exposes a man’s vas deferens (sperm transportation channels) and aspirates the contents.